en بیوشیمی Biochemistry مقالات اصلی Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>Background:</em></strong> Pioglitazone increases insulin sensitivity and improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetics. In this study, we evaluated the effects of pioglitazone on the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in mouse brown adipose tissue (BAT), and on recovery from oxidative stress due to a high-fat diet.<br> <br> <strong><em>Methods:</em></strong> 30 mice were divided into three groups: group 1 received a normal diet, group 2 received a high-fat diet, and group 3 received a high-fat diet plus 30 mg/kg pioglitazone. After treatment, the cholesterol, triglyceride, paraoxonase 1 (PON1), total serum antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and specific activity of hepatic catalase were measured. BAT UCP1 expression was evaluated at both the mRNA and protein levels.<br> <br> <strong><em>Results:</em></strong> The weights differed between the groups (p<0.05). Serum MDA was greater and TAC, liver catalase, and PON1 were less than in group 2 than in group 1 (p<0.05). In Serum MDA was less and catalase activity was greater in group 3 than in group 2 (p<0.05). UCP1 gene expression was less in group 2 than in group 1 (p<0.05) but greater than in group 3 (p<0.05).<br> <br> <strong><em>Conclusions:</em></strong> Pioglitazone may have a protective role in high-fat-diet-induced oxidative stress by increasing the antioxidant capacity. Moreover, it can induce weight loss by increasing <em>UCP1</em> mRNA and protein expression.<br> &nbsp;</div> High-fat diet, MDA, pioglitazone, PON1, TAC, UCP1. 15 20 http://rbmb.net/browse.php?a_code=A-10-178-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Amin Mahmoudi aminmahmoodi1992@gmail.com 100319475328460017124 100319475328460017124 No Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran. Keihan Ghatreh Samani kgsamani@yahoo.com 100319475328460017125 100319475328460017125 Yes Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran. Seyed Asadollah Amini saamini@yahoo.com 100319475328460017126 100319475328460017126 No Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran. Esfandiar Heidarian heidarian46@yahoo.com 100319475328460017127 100319475328460017127 No Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran.