en زیست شناسی ملکولی Molecular Biology مقالات اصلی Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>Background:</em></strong> DNA methylation has been linked to the development and progression of multiple disorders including T2D. One significant enzyme involved in DNA methylation is methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (<em>MTHFR</em>). This study was designed to evaluate the association between rs1801133 and rs1801131 polymorphisms, located in the <em>MTHFR</em>, and T2D in an Iranian population.<br> <br> <strong><em>Methods:</em></strong> Blood samples from 151 patients with T2D and 136 healthy individuals were collected and DNA was extracted using the salting out method. Variants were genotyped using amplification tetra-refractory&nbsp;mutation&nbsp;system-polymerase&nbsp;chain&nbsp;reaction&nbsp;analysis. The data were analyzed via independent sample t-test and <em>x²</em> tests.<br> <br> <strong><em>Results:</em></strong> The rs1801131 A/C polymorphism significantly increased the risk of T2D in codominant heterozygous AC (P=0.008), homozygous CC (P=0.01), and recessive CC (P=0.001) genotypes. Significant correlations were found regarding rs1801133 T/C gene polymorphism and the risk of T2D in codominant heterozygous TC (P=0.001), homozygote CC (P=0.001), and recessive CC (P=0.0001) models. The presence of the C allele is a potential risk factor for T2D for rs1801133 T/C (P=0.001) and rs1801131 A/C (P=0.04) polymorphisms.<br> <br> <strong><em>Conclusions:</em></strong> Both the rs1801133 T/C and rs1801131 A/C <em>MTHFR</em> polymorphisms significantly increased the risk of T2D in our population. Further studies in other ethnicities are necessary to verify our findings.<br> &nbsp;</div> Gene Polymorphism, MTHFR, Type 2 diabetes. 178 183 http://rbmb.net/browse.php?a_code=A-10-53-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Maryam Poodineh mpoodineh57@gmail.com 100319475328460017280 100319475328460017280 No Department of Biology, Payame Noor University of Taft, Yazd, Iran. Ramin Saravani saravaniramin@yahoo.com 100319475328460017281 100319475328460017281 Yes Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. & Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Mahboubeh Mirhosseini m.mirhossain@gmail.com 100319475328460017282 100319475328460017282 No Department of Biology, Payame Noor University of Taft, Yazd, Iran. Saman Sargazi sgz.biomed@gmail.com 100319475328460017283 100319475328460017283 No Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.