en ایمنی شناسی Immunology مقالات اصلی Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>Background:</em></strong> Retinoic acid (RA) plays a key role in na&iuml;ve T cell differentiation into FOXP3⁺ Treg cell in the respiratory airways. The present study aims to investigate RA and Treg-related cytokine serum levels, salivary IgA levels, FOXP3 and IL-4 gene expression, and the relationships between RA serum levels and Treg-related cytokines in allergic rhinitis (AR) patients and healthy controls.<br> <br> <strong><em>Methods:</em></strong> Salivary IgA and serum IgE, RA, IL-10, and TGF-&beta; concentrations were measured by ELISA in 37 AR patients and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.<br> <br> <strong><em>Results:</em></strong> IL-10 and TGF-&beta; concentrations were significantly less in AR patients than in healthy controls (p< 0.01 and P< 0.0001, respectively). Salivary IgA was significantly greater in patients than in controls (p< 0.05). RA was not significantly different between patients and controls (p> 0.05); however, a significant positive correlation was found between serum RA and both IL-10 and TGF-&beta; in AR patients.<br> <br> <strong><em>Conclusions:</em></strong> Our data suggest that RA may influence AR risk via affecting the TGF-&beta; and IL-10 production.</div> Allergic Rhinitis, Interleukin-10, Obesity, Retinoic Acid, Transforming Growth Factor-β. 399 407 http://rbmb.net/browse.php?a_code=A-10-556-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Akram Davoodi 100319475328460017729 100319475328460017729 No Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Ramin Lotfi 100319475328460017730 100319475328460017730 No Lung Diseases and Allergy Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Seyed Hamidreza Mortazavi 100319475328460017731 100319475328460017731 No Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Ali Gorgin Karaji 100319475328460017732 100319475328460017732 No Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Alireza Rezaiemanesh 100319475328460017733 100319475328460017733 No Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Farhad Salari f.salari@kums.ac.ir 100319475328460017734 100319475328460017734 Yes Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.